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(No Model.)

P. W. MAOKENZLE GENERATOR FOR GENERATING ILLUMINATINGGAS.

Patented Sept 5 Gum.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PHILIP W. MACKENZIE, OF BLAUVELIVILLE, ASSIGNOR TO THE MACKENZIE & SAYRE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

GENERATOR FOR GENERATING lLLUMlNATlNG-GAS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 246,964, dated September 13, 1881,

Application filed September 17, 1880. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PHILIP W. MACKENZIE, of Blauveltville, in the county of Rockland and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Generators for Generating Illuminating-Gas, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to generators to be employed for the production of gas composed of a mixture of hydrogen and carbonic oxide, which may be used for heating purposes or enriched by the addition thereto of a gas obtained from hydrocarbon liquids-such as naphtha-and employed for illuminating purposes.

In such generators the hydrogen and the oxygen necessary to effect the combustion of the coal or other matter from which the carbonic oxide is to be obtained are commonly supplied by injecting steam and air into the generator; and theobject of my invention is to provide a very effective means for superheating the steam and air prior to their introduction into the furnace, whereby the economy of the operation is greatly increased.

In Letters Patent No. 201,808, granted to me March 26, 1878, the mingled steam and air before entering the furnace or combustionchamber are heated by passing them downward and circuitously round the furnace or 0 combustion-chamber through a surrounding jacket, which contains a circuitous passage for the air and steam formed by a continuous flange or flanges extending entirely across the jacket. In this case the air and steam are re- 5 tained for a long time in contact with the exterior of the furnace or combustion-chamber by being made to pass many times around the furnace or combustion-chamber.

By my present invention I produce the same 0 result by a different construction; and this invention consists in the combination, with afurnace or generator for producing carbonic oxide and hydrogen, of a jacket surrounding said furnace or generator, annular flanges or rings 4 5 attached to the exterior of said furnace or generator one above another and extending partly across the jacketed space only, an inletpipe for steam and air at the top of said jacket, and one or more outlet-pipes or tuyeres leading from the lower part of said jacket to the furnace or generator below the point of combustion therein. In such a furnace or generator the steam and air are subjected to a reverberatory action, they being made to pass successively downward, thence upward, and again downward between each two flanges, and they thus become thoroughly heated by the time they reach the bottom of the jacket.

My invention is applicable to generators in which the carbonic oxide is produced by the combustion of coal, coke, wood, charcoal, or other fuel upon a grate; and to fully illustrate my invention I have here represented my invention as applied to such generators.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a central vertical section of a generator in which the carbonic oxide is produced by the combustion of gas, and having my invention applied thereto. Fig. 2 represents a horizontal section upon the dotted line arm, Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 represents a central vertical section of a generator in which the carbonic oxide is produced by the combustion of fuel upon a grate.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, which represent a generator portions of which are the subject-matter of another application for Letters Patent made by me, A designates the generator proper, which consists of ashe1l,a, of wrought-iron or other suitable material, preferably of cylindrical form, and lined inside with fire-brick or other refractory material to protect it from the heat. 8 5

B B B represent ring-shaped annular or hollow burners, perforated at the upper portion for the escape of gas which is supplied to them independently of each other, through pipes O O .0 under control of valves 1) b from any source of supply.

Surrounding the shell a of the generator A for the greater portion of its height is a jacket,

D, constructed of material similar to the shell a, and which is preferably supplied with steam 9 5 and air by means of an air-nozzle, E, and a steam-jet, E, composing an injector of common form.

At the lower part of the jacket D a number of pipes or tuyeres, o, communicate with the loo 'prevent the escape of gas.

The top of the generator A is constructed with a V-shaped groove, 6, which is filled with sand or similar material, and said top is closed by a cup-shaped cover, H, filled with non-conducting material d, and having at its lower edge a projecting rim or lip, j, which is embedded in the sand or material in the groove 0 and serves to seal the generator tightly and At the top is a seal-plate, I, which is carefully closed and luted down. The steam and air supplied to the jacket D by the injector E E are superheated by contact with the shell a of the generator; and in order to retain the steam and air still longer in contact with the heatingsurface, I attach to the generator a series of flanges or rings, J, projecting outwardly nearly to thejacket D. As the shell aot' the generator Ais much hotter than thejacket D the inner stratum of steam and air in contact with said shell is heated to a higher temperature than that in contact with the jacket D, and hencea reverberatory circulative action is given the steam and air between adjacent flanges. Thus it will be seen that instead of the steam and air passing directly downward and into the generator they are retained for a long time in contact with the shell of the generator and become thoroughly heated.

One, two, or all the burners, B B B, may be used, as is most desirable, and the steam becoming decomposed by the great heat of the burners the hydrogen resulting therefrom unites automatically with the carbonic oxide resulting from combustion and passes off through the pipe K as a lean gas for use as a heating agent, or to be enriched by the addi tion of gas obtained from a hydrocarbon liquid to make an illuminatinggas.

Turning, now, to Fig. 3,L designates a gen erator composed a shell, g, with a lining, h, of firebrick or refractory material, a surrounding-jaeket, D, and a covering, '5, of non-conducting material surrounded by a casing, j.

In the generator is a grate, k, and the jacket D communicates with the generator belowthe grate by means of pipes or tuyeres c. The generator is provided with several external rings or flanges, J, similar to the rings or flanges J shown in Fig. 1, and the jacket D is supplied with steam and air by means of an injector, E E. The steam and air entering the jacket D through the injector are retained in contact with the shell of the generator for a considerable time, and subjected to a reverberatory action produced by the flanges or rings m in passing from the top to the bottom of the jacket. The steam and air, after entering the generator below the grate, pass upward through the grate, the oxygen combining with the fuel to produce combustion and carbonic oxide resulting from combustion, while the steam is decomposed by the heat, and the atoms of hydrogen, uniting with the carbonic oxide, form a lean gas, which maypass through a pipe, 0, to be used for heating purposes, or through a pipe, 0, to be enriched by combining with a gas obtained from a hydrocarbon liquid to form an illuminating-gas. Below the grate k is a fire-door, I, which affords convenience for removing clinker and ashes from the ash-pit, and which is so constructed as to form asealed joint when closed.

When the generator is to be put in operation the fire is kindled in the usual way, and after reaching a temperature of about 2,000 Fahrenheit the door P is tightly closed and sealed, the fuel being introduced through an opening, P, in the top of the generator.

By my invention I provide in a simple and effectual manner for heating the steam and air injected into a gas-generator, so that they will produce better combustion and a more thorough decomposition of the steam.

The internal portions of the generators herein described and represented form no part of this invention, such portions shown in Fig. 3 being old, and such portions shown in Figs. 1 and 2 being intended to be the subject of a separate patent, and not claimed herein.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The combination, with a generator or furnace for producing carbonic oxide and hydrogen, of a jacket surrounding the same,flanges or rings attached to the exterior of said furnace or generator, one above the other, and extending outward partly across thejacketed space, an inlet-pipe for supplying steam and air to said jacket, and one or more outlet-pipes or tuyeres leadingfrom said jacket to the furnace or generator below the point of combustion, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

P. W. MACKEQIZIE. Witnesses:

HENRY T. BROWN, '1. J. KEANE. 

